My Future Career Choosing A Career - 1360 Words

My Future Career Choosing a career is sometimes difficult because there is an endless amount of job possibilities in the world. Ultimately you have to make the choice of what makes you the happiest. In the future I want to become a lawyer, a criminal lawyer specifically. I chose this career because I’ve always had strong opinions on almost everything and I like to get my point across. Also because I grew up watching so many different cop shows and documentaries like Law and Order and CSI for example. That lifestyle really resonated with me because their lives are always fast paced and full of action. Besides those things, I have a personal desire to help people. Through being a criminal lawyer I could either work for the defense or prosecution. By being a defense lawyer I am responsible for making sure I gather the right types and amount of evidence to ensure that the accused goes to jail for whatever offense they committed. While working for the persecution on the other hand I would be doing almost the opposite, I would be trying to prove that the accused is innocent or either reduce his sentence if they are guilty. There was a program I participated in my junior year called College Now where I was able to take college classes and I chose to take a paralegal studies class. My teacher was an attorney named Mr. Applewhite. He was a really great teacher because she taught us about a lot of the things that go on behind the scenes of being a lawyerShow MoreRelatedAn Article On Theories Of Career Development1090 Words   |  5 Pagesntroduction This article is about theories of career development. By applying the theories to my career developments, evaluating the strength and weakness of those theories, then I took my parents’ working experience as examples, finally came up with my theory that should be used when making a vocational choice. 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The Psychosocial Factors That Impacted Behavior And Action...

In this assignment, students are required to identify experiences of intrapsychic, interpersonal, and group-to-group conflicts. In addition to writing a brief description of the psychosocial factors influence that impacted behavior and action the conflict events. Types of Conflict Values Personality Emotional Intelligence Conflict Style Intrapsychic X A person applied for a position with the organization. The prospective employee was a member of a religious community that commanded the wearing of head wraps. The day of interview the prospective employee asked if it was acceptable to wear the head wrap to work. The hiring manager said yes the organization would permit the wearing of the head wrap. The employee worked effectively for three month. The organization changed the leaders and policies was developed and implemented a dress code and wearing heads wrap was not adequate for organization work environment. The hiring manager informed the employee of the new polices. 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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation System. Answer: Introduction The following report focuses on a case study of the company Hennes Mauritz (HM), which is a Swedish retail company dealing in clothing. The company is popular for its fast fashion clothing options for kids, men, teenagers, and women. The company has approximately 4500 stores which are located in more than 62 countries. The company also deals in online retailing providing its shoppers experience in online shopping. The company has a huge employee and customer base which has made it the second largest clothing retail chain (HM Group, 2017). This report aims at discussing the HR practices of the company with respect to motivation, performance management, rewards system, and health and safety legislations. The audience for this report is the management of HM. the report is based on the secondary literature and no primary data has been gathered for this report which serves as its limitation. The aim of this report is to analyze the HR practices that are employed by the company, HM in managing its employees. In order to attain the aim of this report successfully, following objectives have been developed. To understand the business setting of the company in relation to job ability, motivation and reward systems adopted by the company To gain an insight on the employment relations and health and safety legislations adopted by the company To understand the performance management of the company with the application of suitable models and theories To make recommendations for the gaps identified and for the enhancement of organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Business Setting in HM It is essential for the organizations to manage its most important asset, that is, its employees. If the employees are satisfied in the organization, it is likely that the company has better productivity and profitability. The job ability refers to the different skills required by the employees to carry out their work duties. The company requires different job abilities for different job positions; however, there are certain abilities and qualities that are to be present in an individual to work for the company. The company looks for those individuals who are passionate and dedicated towards fashion and design, are focused on achieving customer satisfaction. It also looks for people who are business driven, and who have a similar set of values as that of the company (HM, 2016). Apart from these basic job abilities, employees working in different departments are required to have the relevant expertise. For example, a sales employee is required to have the convincing ability, presentation skills, and effective communication abilities. The company's HR strategy is influenced by the Maslow's need Hierarch theory which indicates that there are five level of needs, the satisfaction of each need level motivates an individual to move to the higher level of needs (Maslow, 2013). In the context of HM, the company is offering a good salary, incentives and opportunities for establishing networks within the organization (HM, 2016). Its HM incentive program ensures long-term commitment and involvement of its employees, which as per the Maslows theory are satisfying the physiological, safety, and belongingness needs (HM, 2017). The company is also allowing its employees with proper opportunities to accomplish their self-esteem and self-actualization needs and for their personal growth and development by providing them challenging tasks and presenting their potential. As a part of its reward management system, the company offers a complete benefits package which is inclusive of incentive bonuses, staff discounts, pension scheme, private healthcare, and sick pays. Even though the company does not offer any share options to its employees, it provides ample opportunities for their growth and development (HM, 2017a). The company believes in intrinsic motivation theory and does not consider pay structures, and titles to be effective motivational tools; rather, they provide them the opportunity to showcase their skills and potential (Sansone Harackiewicz, 2000). The company has adopted the total reward management approach in its working. The company apart from giving its employees the financial compensation, believes that the best reward for any employee would be job satisfaction which would motivate them to do give their best. As a part of reward systems, the employees are provided different opportunities for personal development by being included in the decision-making process. Employment relation and health and safety legislations In order to ensure effective employment relations in the company, it follows a democratic management style and an open door policy for its employees. The employees are free to discuss any work-related issues that they face, directly with the management. The company also allows its employees the right to collective bargaining, so that it can easily establish good relation not only with individual employees but also with the trade unions and employees association (HM Group, 2016; HM, 2017b). In the context of health and safety legislations, the company ensures that it has a sustainable and pleasant working environment for its employees to work. It has taken preventative measures for ensuring the general well-being and long-term safety of its employees. It even encourages its employees to report any accidents or any unsafe working condition to their superiors (HM, 2017). It also adheres to the various laws that are levied by the government on its operations. The company provides a lot of training and development options for the personal development of employees. It believes that if the employees are well trained, they are likely to perform better, which in turn would improve the overall performance of the company. The company ensures that every new joiner and existing employees go through training and development so that they become familiar with the companys values and working (HM, 2017d). The development in the company is a continuous process, it enables the managers to prepare the employees for future challenges and giving them an opportunity to showcase their skills. The company has even initiated a skills training program for its workers in Bangladesh (Rayapura, 2014). Through its development programs, it ensures that its employees are aware and empowered (Fair Labor Association, 2011). The company has adopted an integrated and strategic approach to attaining organizational success by improving the performance of its employees. The goal setting theory of performance management can be applied in this scenario, which indicates that the goals set by the company for the employees are significant in motivating them to work better (Pride, Hughes Kapoor, 2009). If the goals are not achieved, either the goals are made more realistic or the employees try to improvise their performance (Locke Latham, 2013). The organization appraises the efforts and improved performance of the employees are providing them more incentives and benefits and offer better and challenging opportunities in the future. The leaders of the company believe that in order to ensure better productivity of the company, there has to be a certain degree of discipline in its working. Even though the company follows an open door policy and democratic form of management, it still has disciplinary actions stated in its code of conduct. In case of any complaint received, especially for the conduct of abuse or harassment, the companys officials are likely to take disciplinary action against the employee who is found guilty (Fair Labor Association, 2009). However, it also allows the employee to present his side of the story and a chance for proving his innocence. The company issues written warnings to the employees and holds the complete authority to take decisions in such matter. There is no formal control mechanism available for the employees to appeal against the decision of the officials (Fair Labor Association, 2009). The company has adopted this mechanism so that the employees can embrace discipline in their working and the organization on a whole, thereby ensuring better performance for the company. In addition to this, the company has also allowed its employees to be a part of the disciplinary mechanism in the company. They can use their right of whistleblowing if they find some serious improprieties in the company. Through this mechanism, they can directly report such activities to the management, so that there is no negative impact of such activities on the performance of the company (HM, 2017c). Employment relation and health and safety legislations In order to ensure better performance across all levels of the company, appropriate legislations and rules are drafted and implemented by the company. All the parties and employees associated with the company are required to adhere to these health and safety standards. These rules are related to building safety, fire safety, accidents and first aid, and working environment. The company also ensures that the rights of its employees are also well protected and the laws relating to wages, working hours, benefits, and leaves are duly adhered (HM, 2010). The safety and health of the employees hold a priority for the company as it considers it employees the main asset. The analysis of the companys practices reveals that the company has adopted effective measures for rewarding and motivating its employees. It has developed various training and development programs for all its employees, whether new recruits or the existing employees. These programs lead to the personal development of employees and ensure that the employees are well aware of the company's values, incorporate the learning in their work. The core of the companys success is its employees who give their maximum efforts in improving the overall performance and productivity of the company. Strengths and weaknesses of the company and areas for improvement From the analysis of the companys processes, it has been identified that the strength of the company lies in its rewards system, motivational practices, and development component of its performance management mechanism. It is revealed that the company has adopted effective training programs for the development of its employees which helps them in performing their jobs in a better manner and thereby improving the performance of the overall company. The company has good relations with its employees, trade unions, and employee associations. It even provides them the opportunity for collective bargaining where they can put their views as a group. The safety and health measures also serve as a strength for the company as it ensures a safe and healthy working environment for all its employees. On the contrary, the weaknesses of the company lie in its appraisal and a disciplinary component of the performance management. The company has specified that an individual cannot appeal against the disciplinary action taken by the management in case of any misconduct. The employees should be given fair chance to appeal against such decisions and make their opinions heard. The company can adopt innovative practices to improve these two areas. Recommendations Following are the recommendations for the company to make improvements in its weak areas and improve its overall efficiency so that the organizational mission and objectives can be achieved optimally. The company should also include promotion as a means of motivating and rewarding its employees (Napolitano, 2014). This is due to the fact that there are certain employees who consider non-monetary incentives, such as titles and promotion to be the motivational factors (Reeve, 2014). The company should encourage both social and official meetings for its employees so that there is a free flow of information in the organization and the belongingness need of the employees can be catered effectively (Steeves, 2010). For improving the effectiveness of the company, it should encourage innovation among the employees (Issar Navon, 2016). Any innovative ideas from the employees regarding the issues faced by the company should be shared by the employees through open door policy. During the appraisal process, the company should provide proper feedback to its employees regarding their strengths and weaknesses and the manner in which they can improve their weak areas (Fletcher and Williams, 2013; Attorney, 2007). This would help the company in attaining its mission and goals in a better manner as the employees can work on their weak areas. The company should make more use of technology in its working. It should be used in all the aspects, such as sales, training and development, supply chain, marketing, and information sharing. This would ensure efficiency in different organizational processes (Ross, 2016; Lamb, Hair McDaniel, 2008). References Attorney, A. D. (2007). Performance Appraisal Handbook. Berkeley: Nolo. Fair Labor Association. (2009). Independent external monitoring report. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1978context=globaldocs Fair Labor Association. (2011). Training, Capacity Building Efforts Benefit Workers at HM Supplier Factory. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://www.fairlabor.org/blog/entry/training-capacity-building-efforts-benefit-workers-hm-supplier-factory Fletcher, C. and Williams, R. (2013). Appraisal, Feedback and Development: Making Performance Review Work. London: Routledge. HM Group. (2016). THE HM Group Sustainability Report 2016. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://sustainability.hm.com/content/dam/hm/about/documents/en/CSR/2016%20Sustainability%20report/HM_group_SustainabilityReport_2016_FullReport_en.pdf HM Group. (2017). About Us. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://about.hm.com/en/about-us.html#cm-menu HM. (2010). Code of Conduct. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://www.your-bizbook.com/contentassets/ef398a110094413e961fae025bde0da6/code-of-conduct_en.pdf HM. (2016). HM Annual Report 2016. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://about.hm.com/content/dam/hmgroup/groupsite/documents/masterlanguage/Annual%20Report/Annual%20Report%202016.pdf HM. (2017a). Career at HM. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://career.hm.com/content/hmcareer/en_gb/workingathm/get-to-know-us/benefits.html HM. (2017b). Our Workplace. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://career.hm.com/content/hmcareer/en_gb/workingathm/get-to-know-us/our-workplace.html HM. (2017c). Whistle Blowing. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://about.hm.com/en/about-us/corporate-governance/whistle-blowing.html HM. (2017d). What you should know. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/h-m HM. (2017). The HM way. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://about.hm.com/content/dam/hmgroup/groupsite/documents/en/hm-way/HM%20Way_en.pdf Issar, G., Navon, L. R. (2016). Operational Excellence: A Concise Guide to Basic Concepts and Their Application. Berlin: Springer. Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F., McDaniel, C. (2008). Essentials of marketing. Boston: Cengage Learning. Locke, E. A., Latham, G. P. (2013). New Developments in Goal Setting and Task Performance. London: Routledge. Maslow, A. H. (2013). A Theory of Human Motivation. New York: Simon and Schuster. Napolitano, G. (2014). Motivation in the Workplace: A Procter and Gamble Case Study. Babelcube Inc. Pride, W., Hughes, R., Kapoor, J. (2009). Business. Boston: Cengage Learning. Rayapura, A. (2014). HM Launching Skills Training Initiative for Garment Workers in Bangladesh. Retrieved October 04, 2017, from https://www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/supply_chain/aarthi_rayapura/hm_launching_skills_training_initiative_garment_workers_ Reeve, J. (2014). Understanding Motivation and Emotion. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Ross, D. F. (2016). Introduction to e-Supply Chain Management: Engaging Technology to Build Market-Winning Business Partnerships. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Sansone, C., Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: The Search for Optimal Motivation and Performance. New York: Academic Press. Steeves, R. (2010). Breaking the Leadership Mold: An Executive's Guide to Achieving Organizational Excellence. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.

Media Violence And Its Effect On Kids Essays - Dispute Resolution

Media Violence And It's Effect On Kids Media Violence and the Effects It Has On Children The media clearly has an impact on our lives and especially the young, impressionable and weak-minded people in our society. Children become desensitized to violence when they see it everyday on TV, in theaters and even in video games. They are not becoming properly aquatinted with what is real, what is not, and the effects of it all. Even TV news deadens anyone's perception of reality. People of all ages especially those who are at an impressionable time in their lives, need to know that murder, death and violence are real and that sadness comes with all of these. The American media is the most violent in the world. Children in America are more likely to be shot than in any other country (AAP Committee on Communications, 1997; Derksen & Strasburger, 1997). With over 1000 studies supporting the causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children, we know the more life-like the violence depicted the more likely it will be learned. Yet 66% of children's programs contain violence and one third have nine or more violent portrayals in each episode. Much of the violence is presented as humorous and less than half of the violent interactions show the victims experiencing any signs of pain (Clarke-Pearson, 1997). Violence on television is frequent, inconsequential, effective, and rewarded. The heroes even use it as often as the villains do. Violence ends confrontation quickly and effectively, without a need for patience, negotiation, and compromise. Moreover, violence is an acceptable method to solve conflicts on television. Rarely are real-life consequences or the lingering psychological and physical effects of violence shown (Sege Sege Spivak & Harvey, 1998). Constant exposure to the repeated depiction of violence on television also leads to blunt emotional reactions of the viewers. Such desensitization can lead to both hardened attitudes about violence directed at others and decreased interest in taking action on behalf of a victim of violence (Clarke-Pearson, 1997). A well-known example of this bystander effect is the New York City Kitty Genovese incident (Sege & Dietz, 1997). Exposure to television violence, both on fictional programs and news reports, makes the world seem like a frightening place and can lead to nightmare and sleep problems. Viewing violence can lead to children being afraid of becoming a victim of violence (Clarke-Pearson, 1997). It is likely that children who witness violence in their homes or communities are especially vulnerable to media influences, as each exposure validates the other and confirms the role violence plays in settling disputes (Augustyn, Parker, Groves, Spivak & Harvey, 1998). In our society, television is the main source of news and information, and the main source of entertainment as well. More than 99 percent of U.S. households have at least one television set, and about two- thirds of them have two, three, or more sets (Nielsen 1998). As the number of TV sets in a household has increased, family viewing has declined, and individual program selection and solitary viewing have increased. Cable programming is found in 68 percent of households, greatly expanding the number of networks and independent stations that can be accessed. In the United States, 54 percent of children have a television set in their bedrooms. About 87 percent of U.S. households have a VCR, and about $10 billion is spent annually on video rentals, double the amount spent at movie theaters (Mediascope 1998). The average weekly viewing time has increased annually in American households, from 43 hours in the early seventies to 50 hours in the mid-nineties. In 1998, the average was 51 hours and 55 minutes per week (Nielsen 1998), which is close to 7 hours per day! Children spend an average of 28 hours a week watching TV. During prime time (7 to 11 p.m.), about 7 million teenagers and 9 to 10 million preteens are

Free Essays on Matin Luther King On God

When it comes to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s conception of God it is not something to be taken as a light matter. Dr. king was a very strong Christian. And he used God as his mentor. Every decision or thought that crossed King’s mind, involved the Lord, in one manner or another. God was not only his mentor but his commander as well. King used God to show him how to deal with the social problems that were haunting the United States of America through out the fifties and the beginning of the sixties. If you have ever read any of Dr. king’s speeches he is constantly referring to either God or scripture. So you can easily see that Dr. King had more then one goal is in his life, but the most important one, was to tell people about God. Not only did he want to teach people about God, but he also wanted to have peace between races. And by being a peaceful man and promoting peace between races he taught people about his personal conception with God. And last but n ot least he did this through his speeches and his sermons. In Dr. King’s I’ve been to the Mountaintop speech, he deeply speaks of his concern for humanity. I personally believe that Dr. King thought it to be a sin if you did not do something to change or help humanity. King knew deep down in his heart that America needed change and they needed it fast. Also in the, I’ve been to the Mountain top speech, King states, â€Å"It’s alright to talk about streets flowing with milk and honey, but God has commanded us to be concerned about the slums down here and his children who can’t eat three square meals a day†. Now if you notice, he uses the word commanded. By using this word King is trying to express his feelings and deep concern for humanity. Also it is obvious by stating this he expresses that he feels it is a sin against humanity not to be doing anything about the social problems that were plaguing the major cities in his day as well as ours. Secondly, in ... Free Essays on Matin Luther King On God Free Essays on Matin Luther King On God When it comes to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s conception of God it is not something to be taken as a light matter. Dr. king was a very strong Christian. And he used God as his mentor. Every decision or thought that crossed King’s mind, involved the Lord, in one manner or another. God was not only his mentor but his commander as well. King used God to show him how to deal with the social problems that were haunting the United States of America through out the fifties and the beginning of the sixties. If you have ever read any of Dr. king’s speeches he is constantly referring to either God or scripture. So you can easily see that Dr. King had more then one goal is in his life, but the most important one, was to tell people about God. Not only did he want to teach people about God, but he also wanted to have peace between races. And by being a peaceful man and promoting peace between races he taught people about his personal conception with God. And last but n ot least he did this through his speeches and his sermons. In Dr. King’s I’ve been to the Mountaintop speech, he deeply speaks of his concern for humanity. I personally believe that Dr. King thought it to be a sin if you did not do something to change or help humanity. King knew deep down in his heart that America needed change and they needed it fast. Also in the, I’ve been to the Mountain top speech, King states, â€Å"It’s alright to talk about streets flowing with milk and honey, but God has commanded us to be concerned about the slums down here and his children who can’t eat three square meals a day†. Now if you notice, he uses the word commanded. By using this word King is trying to express his feelings and deep concern for humanity. Also it is obvious by stating this he expresses that he feels it is a sin against humanity not to be doing anything about the social problems that were plaguing the major cities in his day as well as ours. Secondly, in ...

How to Answer “Can I Contact Your Current Employer”

How to Answer â€Å"Can I Contact Your Current Employer† If anyone asks where you were today, you were at a dentist’s appointment. Right? The vague â€Å"appointment,† always in the middle of the day, is a classic tactic for interviewing for new jobs while you’re still at your current one. You just put up your â€Å"out of office† message and hope no one notices that you’re awfully dressed up for a Wednesday. However, your slick cover story could be blown if the interviewing company contacts your current one. How does one avoid this potential explosion of awkwardness?Look, everyone understands that the sneaky interview is kind of the dirty little secret of the working world. Everyone does it at some point, in hopes of trading up their current position, or pursuing a new opportunity. That doesn’t mean you want your intentions broadcast across your current company- especially if you don’t get the new gig. Ideally, the interviewer will accept your list of non-current-boss references without que stion. But there’s a chance he or she might ask you the dreaded question: â€Å"Hey, do you mind if I contact your current employer?†DO understand that they’re not trying to double-cross you.No one is snitching†¦the person interviewing you merely wants to get a sense of what you’re like as a current employee. He or she knows it’s awkward, but it’s a valid question. After all, your current boss might know you’re interviewing for a variety of reasons (like your job is ending due to a layoff, your job is temporary, etc.)- so it certainly can’t hurt to ask.DON’T panic, and assume that everyone will soon know about your secret interview.It’s definitely okay to say that you’d like to keep your job search under wraps for now.DO have some current colleagues in mind that you could include as a reference.If you have a trusted coworker who has a clear sense of your abilities as an employee, but who can also be tr usted with a secret (and who has been told ahead of time that you’re on the hunt), then offer them as an alternative reference. That way, you can say to the interviewer that you’re not comfortable if she talks to your current boss yet, but that you have another reference at your current company whom she could talk to in the meantime.DON’T act cagey, like you have something to hide.Be up-front that you’re not comfortable offering up your current boss as a reference at this time. Emphasize that your available references are well aware of your abilities as an employee, and let the interviewer know that they’re happy to talk to him or her in the meantime.DO leave the door open for the future.After you say that you’re not comfortable with the interviewer talking with your current manager, make sure they know that it’s not a final â€Å"no.† Let him or her know that when the timing is right, you’d be open to them contacting yo ur current company.If all goes well, you can sneak back into your office with a spring in your step, and secure in the knowledge that your secret is safe for now.

Comparecontrast this world with our present world Essay

Comparecontrast this world with our present world - Essay Example The whole world on this earth is treated as a single World State. And a single Government, a Controller, governs this world. As we go through the novel, we realize that before writing this novel the author has made a thorough study of science and technology. The values, which we talk of today, are considered as obsolete or outdated in this new world. The people are divided into five classes, namely - Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilons. The Alphas and Betas are supposed to be in authoritarian positions whereas Gammas, Deltas and Epsilons belong to the labor class. Those who follow the norms of the New World are considered as civilized people whereas those who do not believe or who do not abide by the rules or norms set by the New World are referred to as uncivilized or dirty people. Although the ideas are shocking, we are amused by the new concepts and it gives us a feeling as if we are in a wonderland. So it is contrary to our ideas of being civilized and uncivilized. In the very first chapter, we learn that humans in this world are not born naturally. They are created in laboratories. The World Controller has full control over the births of humans so as to combat the problem of growth in the population. Humans are considered to be mere products, which are produced according to the requirement of the Society. They are conditioned right from the stage when they are still babies. In our world it is the mother who takes cares of all the needs of her children. And once a child grows up, it is he who decides about his career and his future. That is why the students in the new world are shocked when Mr. Mond imitates an uncivilized woman breastfeeding and cuddling her kid. They are totally oblivious to the term 'Mother'. There is no such term as the word ' Family' and is perceived as something vulgar. This is something very absurd or totally contradictory to our ideas. In our world we just cannot imagine of such overpowering of Science and Technology over Nature. Humans in this world do not have the freedom to think independently. Children are taught to love their own caste and hate others. Also, it is the controller who decides which activities they should be engaged in. He explains his point by using the slogan, "Ending is better than mending". He opines that their involvement in useless activities will be a waste of time and will also hamper productivity. Another major shock comes when we see small children involved in an erotic play. Those who are hesitant are punished. In our world such things just cannot be thought of. Promiscuity is encouraged in the New World and anybody can have anyone whereas our World does not approve of it. It is termed as an offense and a person can also be punished for the same. The Controller informs students that the prehistoric books like Bible are banned because he feels that rebellion and sadness are the outcome of such books. Such sufferings have no place in the New World. Science helps humans to satisfy their urges. The sexual desires of humans are satisfied by 'feelies' and that too without the risk of having a baby. Women are compelled to take birth control pills to avoid pregnancy. The people living in this new world control their emotions by resorting to taking drug called Soma, under the influence of which a person's senses are benumbed. Our world does not approve of taking drugs and is considered to be a punishable offense. Resorting to drugs is also an act of cowardice

Historiographical Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Historiographical Review - Assignment Example This paper will provide a historiography of the way US warfare has been impacted by the use of helicopters during the Vietnam War. When the United Sates engaged Vietnam in military combat in the 60s, the former was undoubtedly the most powerful in air combat in the entire world1. However, the general idea of bombing the enemy to stone-age could not work in this case as it had worked in other wars before. This was mainly because the nature of the war was much different from those of the past. One of the major differences in this case was the fact that there was no clear definition of the enemy as one side rolled and rumbled across the skies while the other tried to garner success from the ground. The events preceding the Vietnam War include the training of South Vietnamese by the US’ Military Assistance Advisory Group according to Bradley, Jayne, and Luu. This view is also held by Wiest and Barbier. Wiest and Barbier further state that this training was conducted in the 1960s s o that the region would have the capacity to defend itself in the event of attack by its neighbors some of whom were communists. The US Air Force in a show of might presented a number of powerful planes with which their trained Vietnamese soldiers in aerial techniques and tactics. The boundary between the original objective of the US and reconnaissance however began to blur in time as the US military personnel got onboard the planes as against the Viet Cong2. Later, attacks on American planes by communist forces began prompting President Johnson to issue an order for the bombing of the communist forces. The campaign dabbed Rolling Thunder which whose operations and commands came from Washington faced serious problems as decision making and flow of command was slow. This made the Viet Cong to escape attack every so often. The use of ware planes and fighter jets became real as the war ranged in earnest. One thing however that is evoked by the mention of the Vietnam war is the sound of whirling powerful helicopter blades. Both the United States and South Vietnam used helicopters and powerful weapons in combating the enemy3. Helicopters were literally engaged in every aspect of the war according to Centennialofflight and Bradley, Jayne, and Luu. While only hoping to sell 500 units of helicopters, Bell Incorporated managed to make a big catch by selling over 15000 units of the same4. Bell’s Huey was so powerful as to be a solution to several problems including rescuing downed military personnel and cargo according to Bradley, Jayne, and Luu. Huynh. In agreement with Bradley, Jayne, and Luu, Allen further states that the Helicopters were also used for ferrying ground troops to and from the battle front. The use of helicopters proved very reliable as the mobility of ground troops increased thereby improving the efficiency of the military significantly. Apart from being used or transportation, they were also equipped with heavy armament so as to serve as gun sh ips flying over targets and destroying them with significant ease according to Heath and Everett. This kind of operation ended up being a great relief to the ground troops. In 1975, North Vietnam conquered in a couple of months South Vietnam. The US with the use of only about 70 military helicopters evacuated over 8000 individuals from Saigon in just about 18 hours5. This event has been recorded in

The Coca-Cola Company Essay Example for Free

The Coca-Cola Company Essay The Coca-Cola Company is the world’s largest beverage company, refreshing consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands. The company and bottling partners are dedicated to the 2020 Vision, a roadmap for doubling system revenues this decade, focused on five key areas—profit, people, portfolio, partners and planet. Vision It represents what they need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable, quality growth. People: Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy peoples desires and needs. Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. Planet: Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. Productivity: Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization. Living their Values Their values serve as a compass for their actions and describe how they behave in the world. Leadership: The courage to shape a better future Collaboration: Leverage collective genius Integrity: Be real Accountability: If it is to be, its up to me Passion: Committed in heart and mind Diversity: As inclusive as our brands Quality: What we do, we do well Focus on the Market Focus on needs of their consumers, customers and franchise partners Get out into the market and listen, observe and learn Possess a world view Focus on execution in the marketplace every day Be insatiably curious Work Smart Act with urgency Remain responsive to change Have the courage to change course when needed Remain constructively discontent Work efficiently Act Like Owners Be accountable for our actions and inactions Steward system assets and focus on building value Reward our people for taking risks and finding better ways to solve problems Learn from our outcomes what worked and what didn’t Be the Brand Inspire creativity, passion, optimism and fun FOCUS ON CONSUMER Responding to consumers` needs with innovation Consumer needs and demands are constantly evolving throughout markets. In order to remain relevant to their consumers they establish clear category and brand priorities and define focused objectives. They drive innovation by continuously building on their strong family of brands and introducing new flavors and packages in specific markets. Part of their innovation process,  they are launching existing brands in new markets and re-launching or reinvigorating existing brands where appropriate. In many of the markets where adults are a growing segment of consumer base, they have launched several product innovations to ensure they meet their expectations and their increased interest in reducing their sugar and calorie intake. In 2008, they launched Coca-Cola Zero, a full-flavor no calorie Coca-Cola beverage highly popular among adult consumers, which is available in 20 out of 28 markets. They have progressively reformulated Fanta, Sprite and Nestea so they now contain up to 30% fewer calories than in 2010. This has been a gradual process to enable the consumers to adjust to the reduced sugar content. The average calorie content of beverages is now 31Kcal/100ml, representing a 16% decrease since 2011 and supporting their commitment to promoting healthy lifestyles. They are also innovating in the use of natural sweeteners, Stevia, a plant-based extract that has zero calories. In 2012, they launched Sprite with Stevia in Switzerland, and it’s mainly used in Nestea range available in 12 markets. Nutritional labelling information Key nutritional information is on front-of-pack labels of bottles and cans. In Europe, they have pioneered the use of Guideline Daily Amounts (GDAs) on front-of-pack labels since 2009. These show calorie, sugar, fat, saturated fat and salt content in absolute values and as a percentage of daily intake. These are reported per serving and as a proportion of a healthy diet, the most important piece of information needed to control weight. Additionally, no- and low-calorie beverages are clearly labelled on front-of-pack, so that consumers can identify them more easily. In 2012, they were one of 12 companies that signed up to the new EU Regulation on Food Information to Consumers, a voluntary framework for labeling of Guidelines Daily Amounts. Making packaging more sustainable While the content and origin of products are the basis, their packaging in a range of sizes and material types is also vital in meeting consumer needs. Packaging comprises an average of 22% of the cost of goods sold, a percentage they aim to reduce through minimizing raw materials used. They focus in particular on reducing the amount of packaging, known as light-weighting and on increasing the recycled and renewable content of  cans and bottles. They also work with suppliers to increase the recycled content of packages as using recycled instead of virgin material reduces the carbon footprint of packages. Recycling of metal and glass is already well established, with recycled content accounting for around half of the material in cans and bottles. Their focus is on the recycled content of our PET bottles. In 2013, their use of recycled PET rose by 23%. They also use refillable packaging, equating to 10% of volume. As well as recycled content, The Coca-Cola Company advances plant-based packaging innovation for the Coca-Cola System. For example, a plant-based PET – Plantbottleâ„ ¢ – developed by The Coca-Cola Company, was the first fully recyclable PET bottle made with up to 30% plant-based material( the bottle of Dorna in Romania). Marketplace execution Five core principles: Availability means placing the range of products within easy reach of consumers in the right package, in the right location, at the right time. Affordability means offering a wide variety of desirable, premium quality products, in packages appropriate for the occasion, at the right price. Acceptability means supplying an extensive and growing range of products that meet the highest quality standards in each country, enhancing their acceptability to consumers. Activation means motivating consumers to choose their products by improving product availability and attractiveness at the point of purchase and by building brand strength in their local markets. Attitude is about the way sales representatives and their people behave every day in their interactions with customers ensuring that they meet their needs with an objective to become the preferred supplier of choice. Customer care centers They established customer care centres that provide a single and efficient point of contact between the customers and themselves leading to improved satisfaction scores. To track the overall performance, they have employed the independent external organization GfK to provide a measure of customer satisfaction across markets. Hellenic Good Morning Meetings The ‘Hellenic Good Morning!’’ meetings enhance execution in the marketplace  whereby the sales force teams in each country meet on a daily basis, set key targets for each day, review results from the previous day and reward best performers. Marketing and merchandising They develop strong relationships with customers by focusing on execution of customer marketing promotions and merchandising at the point of sale. They support it by conducting regular customer satisfaction surveys and by developing innovative materials for retail sales activation, including new racks, point-of-sale visuals and sales aids for customers. They also conduct market analyses to better understand unique shoppers and purchase occasions in different trade channels. This information is used to develop all of non-alcoholic ready-to drink beverage categories at every point of sale. They sponsor significant sporting, cultural and community activities across all countries. They seek to integrate consumer marketing and sponsorship activities with retail promotions. In conjunction with the global sponsorship of the Olympic Games by The Coca-Cola Company, which dates back to 1928, they engage in a range of promotions. The Coca-Cola Company’s association with international sporting events such as the Olympics, the Football European Cup and the Football World Cup also enables them to realize significant benefits from the unique marketing opportunities of some of the largest and most prestigious sporting events in the world. PERPETUAL INNOVATION Joe Tripodi, Chief Marketing and Commercial Officer of The Coca-Cola Company laid out his company approach to brand reinvention and the strategy it adopted to winning over â€Å"Millennials†, those crucial consumers born between the early 1980s and the early 2000s. Millennials are digital natives, having been born into a world dominated by the Internet. According to Tripodi, â€Å"They expect unlimited choice, personalized and delivered through multiple channels at maximum speed.† Millennials are striving to change their world to align with a new set of values. In this new world order the spark of an idea can ignite a flame across an entire region in seconds, thanks to modern technology. The individual has incredible power to sway opinion, start a movement, and even topple governments. The key to any brand staying relevant  is to constantly innovate and evolve by being nimble and progressive, and to share the same values that Millennials respect. There are 5 specific areas where Coke is focusing on innovation: Packaging, Partnerships, Products Equipment, Consumer Provocations, and Cultural Leadership. Innovation at Coca-Cola means that good ideas and best practices can be scaled globally and can travel. This is not easy in a huge multinational corporation, with a market cap of $175 billion, but it is possible. Creativity, asserts Tripodi, is essential to drive innovation, as is courage, risk taking, and reinvention. This is not limited just to how Coke goes to market. It means having to reinvent the company and the way it’s it is structured and networked internally and externally. â€Å"It is our ability to adapt, to participate in, and even lead in culture, that will allow us to achieve our business goals†, he says. And those business goals are extraordinarily ambitious. Coke’s goal, known as its 2020 Vision, is to double its business by the end of the decade or, in other words, to double what it took 125 years to create! 1. Packaging For Coke, packaging has been a defining aspect of its essence and a key part of its engagement strategy. The contour-shaped Coca-Cola bottle will be 100 years old in 2015. Its shape is iconic, and totally synonymous with the brand. Coke has experimented, and had success, with a variety of packaging innovations over the years, but when sales and brand equity suddenly declined in Australia a couple of years ago, Coke needed to find relevance with Millennials. The solution was an ingenious, if risky, packaging idea: Customizable packaging by replacing the â€Å"Coke† branding with Australia’s most popular Teen first names. Instead of a â€Å"Coke† you could order and drink a â€Å"Mike†, â€Å"Dave† or â€Å"Suzy.† This was hugely successful Down Under: Sales spiked, with an incredible amount of social media impressions and expressions. Customized packaging has now been activated in 30 countries so far. In Japan, where customizing packaging by names could not be done, Coke found another ingenious way to deliver the idea. It partnered with Sony so its customers could download free songs that were tied to their birth year. 2. Partnerships Coke looks at its partners as co-creators of its Portfolio of Innovation. It  dynamically manages the partnerships as assets and Tripodi emphatically states, â€Å"We’re better and stronger with the capabilities of our partners.† 3. Products equipment Critical to Coke’s future is keeping its pipeline full. This past year it introduced over 500 new beverage products around the world. One exciting innovation is the FreeStyle machine, a new generation of fountain dispenser. Offering over 100 products, it enables any kind of flavor mix, creating new and unique flavor combinations. It’s a big shift: out of manufacturing and into equipment innovation to enable consumer co-creation and customization. The individualized consumer experience with the products is a key Millennial expectation. A new mobile app lets consumers save all their blends, so any Freestyle machine will know their favorite flavor combo. Data based on user feedback on the Freestyle, combined with technical monitoring which provides Coke with insight on product, consumer engagement and new dispenser opportunities. It is real-time consumer co-creation with the potential to develop completely new markets for the company. 4. Consumer provocations Part of Coke’s engagement strategy, he explains, is to move away from being a brand that promotes happiness, to a brand that provokes happiness. The heart of Coke’s engagement program is social platforms that provokes experiences through stories that are sufficiently powerful and share worthy to fuel conversations with many. 5. Cultural leadership As the most recognized brand in the world, it is a known fact that Coke has a position in the global cultural consciousness. To stay relevant in a marketplace that is being reordered by Millennials, it has to engage itself in active conversations with this generation. And sometimes those conversations can be awkward, but they are important to take on. Like, for example, the subject of obesity. To that end, Coke has developed what they have termed a 360 degree Engagement Plan, that includes low and no calorie beverages, transparent nutrition information, inspiring well-being and encouraging people to get active and moving by supporting physical activity programs, together with a commitment of not advertising to children under the age of 12. The manager warns that marketers should not be seduced by  technology alone. Without creativity, a strong story, one can’t make a strong connection. Using all of the tools of innovation and storytelling gives Coke the opportunity to spread their brand of happiness around the world and stay relevant. MARKETING MIX Segmentation Market segmentation is the process of portioning market into groups of potential customers with similar needs and/or characteristics who are likely to exhibit similar purchase behavior. Objective of such a process is to analyze and understand market, identify opportunities and use or develop competitive edge to capitalize on those opportunities. The Coca Cola Company segments the customers based on the following criteria: Geographic segmentation: Coca Cola has segmented the worldwide market on the basis of geographies. There are various divisions created for major regions of the world and heads of each division report to the parent company. Lot of autonomy is given to each division to run the operations. Place of consumption: Coca Cola segments the market on the basis of the place of consumption of the beverage. Most of consumption takes place on premises such as bars, restaurants, cinemas etc, while the rest takes place in homes. Product type: Coca Cola segments the market on the basis of the type of products bought by customers. The market is divided into Cola products and non cola products. Cola products currently provide majority of the revenues, but the proportion of non cola products is increasing. Demographics: The segmentation is done on the basis of age, as well as income. Targeting Coca Cola targets different segments with different ads. Primary market is represented by young people, aged between 12 and 25 years old, with people from 25-40 comprising the secondary market. Cola products are targeted towards people who want strong flavor, while Diet Coke and its variants are targeted towards the sub segment that is health conscious. The health conscious segment of the market is targeted also by the non cola beverages. Some of the products, such as Sprite, specifically target teens and college students, while others, such as Limca, target young working population. Positioning Coca Cola positions its products as refreshing and thirst quenching. The products are said to bring joy: Open Happiness. The products are associated with having a good time with friends and family and enjoying everyday life. They are also marketed as consistent and of high quality. ROMANIAN MARKET Coca-Cola HBC Romania is the biggest company in the non-alcoholic beverage industry in the country and is a franchised bottler of The Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola HBC Romania (410 billion Euro turnover in 2013) started operations in Romania in 1991 and now it employs 1,700 people. They operate three bottling plants across the country and channel products through 14 warehouses and distribution centers. The product portfolio consists of: leading brands Coca-Cola, Fanta and Sprite local brands such as the natural mineral waters: Dorna, Dorna Izvorul Alb, Poiana Negri brands licensed by other companies, such as Nestea and Illy. ADVERTISING Share a Coca-Cola campaign For the 1st time in brand’s history, Coca-Cola offered its logo to its consumers and told them to surprise the loved ones offering them a Coca-Cola bottle with their own name on it. The campaign was firstly launched in Australia in 2011 with the purpose to bring back the consumers` interest. The result was a 7% increase in the consumption among young people. From that moment on, the campaign expanded in more than 80 countries. The idea proved to be very successful on the Romanian market too, where it was launched in 2013. Andrei, Ana or Maria had their own Coca-Cola bottles because during that period, the most popular 150 Romanian names replaced the known brand logo. Also, Coca-Cola let its consumers share with friends also, with â€Å"Share a Coca-Cola with a gamer† or â€Å"Share a Coca-Cola with a biker†. The cans and bottles of Coca-Cola also included a series of other words used to define someone like â€Å"lover†, â€Å"your half†, â€Å"the sexy girl†, â€Å"VIP†, â€Å"Diva†, ‘Star† and so on. Say it with a song campaign The idea of having your bottle personalized was continued in 2014 through music. During summer, the Coca-Cola logo was accompanied by the lyrics of  famous songs. Besides lyrics, the bottles had on their labels a QR code, which could be scanned, allowing the consumers to listen to a fragment of the chosen song, before sending it to friends. Moreover, the initiative encompassed a smartphone application through which the consumers could make new friends by identifying people with the same musical preferences in their proximity. Banner Duet Campaign Launched in July 2013, Coca-Cola Banner Duet Campaign is one of the most innovative digital campaigns of last year: the campaign offered users the opportunity to record a personalized digital duet with Adi Despot, the famous lead singer of „Vita de Vie† rock band. In banners across the web, the musician invited the users to call him using their phones. Once they call the number shown, the banner recognizes the call, Adi answered and offered to sing the famous song Praf de Stele together in a duet with him. Adi sang in the banner and the users used their phone as the microphone, and all the singing voices were recorded as a personal duet with him. Besides being part of a unique experience, the users had the chance to win tickets to one of the most important music events in Romania BESTFEST and a meet and greet with the artist. In the 2nd stage of the campaign, all the participates that recorded duets with Adi, were rewarded for the effort: Best voices got a personal YouTube video of their duets On MTV, voices of the recorded users were integrated in the official clip of Praf de Stele At B`ESTFEST, Adi Despot shared the stage with all the voices recorded, and played them as his chorus connecting his fans from digital to the ones from the event. Let`s eat together campaign (2013) The beverage brand combined live tweets with pre-recorded spots in an effort to help people rediscover the happiness of eating meals together. In fact, a whopping 60% of Romanians do not eat meals together, instead opting to live a solitary culinary life in front of their TV sets. Coca-Cola Romania enlisted MRM Worldwide to help Romanians rediscover the happiness of sharing a meal together, of course in hope of associating it with a Coke. They ran a typical ad showing family and friends coming together with the help of  Coca-Cola. However, unlike any other spot ever created, this one integrated live tweets on national television. At the bottom of the ad, there was a text bar that hosted tweets from fans featuring the hashtag #LetsEatTogether. MRM live-edited the tweets as they flowed in and chose up to seven tweets to show each time the ad was played. Most of the tweets were addressed to specific people, with friends inviting friends to have a meal together and enjoy each other’s company. As a result, Coke’s Twitter base in Romania increased 15% and the ad garnered over 1 million social media impressions. Placing live Twitter mentions into a pre-recorded ad presents an incredibly innovative way to combine traditional advertising formats with today’s social media, and proves that you can really invite someone over for a meal through your TV. Radar for good App Campaign (2014) As part of the Crazy for Good initiative, a global project dedicated to people doing good for random strangers, Coca-Cola Romania via MRM Bucharest created Radar For Good, the first mobile platform for close range volunteering, to support the people who want to do good in the society right now. The app shows you where, near you, you can do something good at the moment. This is a good use of locational data for a specific cause. A spokesperson at McCann lets us know: The campaign generated much buzz in Romania, converted over 21.000 volunteers. Also, over 130 NGOs enrolled their causes in â€Å"Radar for Good† and reported an increase in volunteering numbers to up to 50%. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSABILITY Improving water efficiency In their bottling plants, they closely monitor water sources, minimizing the amount of water they withdraw. By incorporating water saving technologies in their production lines, they have managed to improve the efficiency with which they use water. For example, in Romania two new technologies have been implemented in recent years: †¢ dry lubrication technology eliminates substantial water consumption as gel instead of water moves the beverages along the conveyors on their PET production lines †¢ ionized air technology washes PET bottles, instead of water. Working in partnership â€Å"The Green Danube† is their most longstanding partnership. Together with the  International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, they conduct conservation and awareness-raising activities in Romania and nine other countries lying in the river basin. These include annual Danube Day celebrations, which see the participation of tens/hundreds of thousands of people. In 2008 and 2009, â€Å"Tasuleasa Social† and â€Å"Mai Mult Verde† organizations conducted a large-scale reforestation event in Vatra Dornei and a cleanup of the Siret riverbanks from Vatra Dornei to Galati, including nine cities. At the same time, 200 children from 65 high schools in the area participated in multiple training sessions on volunteering and civic responsibility, leadership, project management, survival skills and first aid. 250 training hours were made possible thanks to volunteer specialists and public figures such as Marcel Iures, Ada Milea and Catalin Stefanescu. SMURD, Romania’s Mobile Emergency Service for Resuscitation and Extrication, joined the program and offered first aid and survival trainings, alongside the volunteers at the Siret river banks clean up. An additional 2,500 teens participated. As part of the â€Å"Adopt a river from its spring to its mouth† (Golden Award at European CSR Awards 2013), water protection and conservation platform, they set up a â€Å"Water Educational Center† in one of their former plants in Dorna Candrenilor. Here local teenagers can learn about biodiversity, pollution and ways to address it, responsible tourism, best practices in volunteering. The project was carried out in partnership with the Romanian Ministry of Environment and Forests, Calimani National Park and Tasuleasa Social organization. At the center and through a series of other educational and ecological campaigns developed over time in Dorna Candrenilor, they are contributing to the long-term protection and conservation of natural riches and water resources in the area where their mineral waters spring. The results of the â€Å"Adopt a river from its spring to its mouth† integrated program, from north of the country, where they bottle the mineral waters to the Danube Delta are: 32,500 trees planted, 70 tonnes of waste collected, 2.5 million euros accessed by local authorities for sewage system and filtering stations for Dorna inhabitants, adopting a law for forbidding the industrial fishing, adopting the urbanism plan in Danube Delta. Energy and climate protection They are accelerating their efforts in the parts of the business that use the most energy: the bottling plants, fleet and cold drink equipment. In bottling plants, they are building combined heat and power units. They are also expanding energy-savings programs. In their fleet, they are exploring and expanding the use of hybrid vehicles and alternative fuels. They are also changing driver behavior with the Safe and Eco-Driving program. Their new energy-efficient cold drink equipment emits up 50% less CO2 emissions than 2004. Packaging and recycling They are working to reduce the environmental impacts of their packaging at every stage of its lifecycle. The integrated approach includes: Reducing the amount of packaging they use Increasing recycled content Promoting recycling and recovery Sport and physical activity Approximately 1,900 people actively participate in their sports and fitness activities each year: The Red Bike contest and tour. Promoting the Active Lifestyle principles is one of the many ways Coca-Cola HBC in Romania brings together its two major commitments: towards people and towards the environment. â€Å"Go green with the Red Bike!† was an event whose concept was launched by Coca-Cola HBC Romania and Green Revolution under the patronage of Bucharest City Hall and the Romanian Cycling Federation. The main objective of this program is to encourage Bucharest’s citizens to adopt a healthy lifestyle. For the second consecutive year, over 1,200 Bucharest citizens have gathered in Izvor Park to take part in the biggest cycling tour for amateurs, the â€Å"Red Bike†. CONCLUSIONS Coca-Cola†¦More than a Product? In fact, it’s not just about the product any more. It’s about stories, memories, associations, and human connections (although of course, these connections would have been very carefully and deliberately engineered by talented marketers over many years and countless board meetings). This is something that Coca-Cola have been the masters of for over 100 years. Even if you duplicated the entire Coca-Cola production process and produced a drink that tastes identical, (or better for that matter!), you could not duplicate the memories people have of the brand, and therefore their connection to it. The secret recipe of Coca-Cola may no longer be secret. It may not even be unique any more. But the memories associated with the brand are, and that is what makes the brand so much more valuable than other colas. Tangible and intangible assets combine to create financial brand equity. This equity is derived from people’s willingness to pay a premium for the brand and an unwillingness to accept substitutes. Like the Tiffany bracelet, people would rather pay more for the recognized brand due to the (deliberately engineered) feelings and identity they associate with it, which have been nurtured by the company over many years. Coca-Cola’s marketing strategy has always been to associate happiness, positivity and the good life with their products, from 1906’s rather officious and puritanical ‘The National Temperance Beverage’ slogan, to 1971’s slightly more idealistic ‘I’d like to buy the world a Coke’, which despite not actually being the official slogan, became so successful that it’s still remembered fondly to this day. Their secret is the focus on: stories, memories, connections, events, positive associations, positive experiences. Without these, a brand will forever remain just one of many options. Coca-Cola have a history of fascinating the public with their marketing campaigns. Except Coca Cola don’t call marketing campaigns ‘marketing campaigns’, rather a â€Å"system wide collaborative effort to engage with consumers in a meaningful and effective way†. An example of this attempt to increase the romantic associations with the brand is the recent ‘Share a Coke’ campaign. This was an attempt to create positive connections between people with Coke at the center that according to their figures created an increase in volume of sales, household penetration and brand love scores. Having such a dominant brand that it eclipses any other in general conversation and becomes synonymous with that particular product provides the strongest possible competitive advantage and is the holy grail of brand equity.

Homelessness Is Not An Option Essay -- essays research papers fc

Research Paper Homelessness Is Not An Option We see them as a crowd, a collective entity; we call them the homeless, as if that defines who they are, but we neglect to add the unspoken word in that title: people. People whom with social disabilities or financial problems usually will be abandoned by the society and become homelessness along the streets.  ¡Ã‚ §During the past year, over two million men, women, and children, or nearly one percent of the US population, were homeless. ¡Ã‚ ¨ (The National Law Center) The growing homeless population is a factor that shows people are suffering unexpected financial problems and struggling in maintaining their life basis. Typically, people have the impressions that homeless people are sloppy, lazy, and irresponsible; however, the truth may be shocked because there are many people who have jobs and non-habitual to drug or alcoholics still remain homeless.  ¡Ã‚ §It is a tragic aspect of our culture that homeless people, in addition to suffering from the hardship of their condition, are subjected to alienation and discrimination by mainstream society. It is even more tragic that alienation and discrimination often spring from incorrect myths and stereotypes which surround homelessness. ¡Ã‚ ¨(The National Law Center) Homelessness results from a complex set of circumstances that require people to choose between food, shelter, and other basic needs. Once the choices are limited which means people can no longer obtain what they need often result in hom...

The Effects of Drinking Behavior on College Students

The Effects of Drinking Behavior on College Students’ Academic Performance Abstract This study investigated the relationship between college students’ academic performance and their drinking behaviors. It was hypothesized that higher alcohol intake levels would be related to lower GPA. In the experiment, 28 Psychology students took an online survey which examined their level of alcohol intake in reference to their current grades. Current grades were measured by GPA and alcohol intake was based upon self-reported drinking frequency.Previous research supports the idea that poor academic performance is related to high alcohol intake. Background research supports the proposed hypothesis; however, the results found that alcohol intake had no significant relationship with academic performance. The Effects of Drinking Behavior on College Students’ Academic Performance One who attends a college or university will at some point engage in the consumption of alcohol. It can be viewed as the college life, which is becoming a major issue on campuses.This is an issue because it is our country’s responsibility to ensure that undergraduate studies encourage increase knowledge and not discourage it. The environment of school in general may be too relaxed and peer behavior and pressures contribute to behavior that may be detrimental to one’s college career. Undergraduate studies should be a gateway to even higher learning and not a hindrance. The growing concern about this issue can be gauged by the national new media coverage of heavy drinking.Recent developments in government, higher education, and the public health community have led to greater public awareness and policies to address the problem (Lewis, 2005). It has been found that students; who participated in binge drinking drank or had a hangover more than once a week and had lower grade point averages (Taylor, Johnson, Voas & Turrisi, 2006). In addition, it was noted that most students who did not enjoy learning or attending class; consumed alcohol at least once a month (Taylor, Johnson, Voas & Turrisi, 2006).Previous research has supported the hypothesis that higher alcohol intake is correlated with poor academic support. This study is unique because I wanted to see if this was true on a smaller scale. I decided to conduct a study at Old Dominion University using a sample of Psychology students. Though it has been found that poor academic performance is related to large alcohol consumption, I wanted to explore this finding on the campus of Old Dominion. Several studies have examined the effect of drinking behaviors and how they may be detrimental to college academic life.A national survey of nearly 37,000 students at 66 four-year institutions revealed a strong negative relationship between alcohol consumption and grades. Students with an A average consumed a little more than three drink per week, B students had almost five drinks, C students more than six, and D or F students reported nine drinks (Taylor, Johnson, Voas & Turrisi, 2006) Vaisman-Tzachor, R. , & Lai, J. (2008). According to the results of the research conducted, these students were unable to maintain higher GPAs because of the amount of regular alcohol consumption.In the current study, we explored the relationship between drinking behavior and academic performance. It was hypothesized that students who participated in drinking activities on a regular basis would not receive satisfactory grades. Participants were asked to complete an online survey that was administered via www. surveygizmo. com. Each participant was expected to answer truthfully to each question in order to determine the amount of alcohol usage in relation to their academic performance.In study conducted by Croom and colleagues, it was found that prior knowledge regarding alcohol was not found to have a significant effect on alcohol related behaviors. In this study the control group, college freshman, were giv en a survey and knowledge test during the summer prior to the start of college. The experimental group received the survey in addition to an online course, and final exam (Croom et al. , 2009). In another study, it was found that a positive correlation existed between personality and alcohol use.Personality characteristics that were considered included: openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. In addition, the study also found that there was a negative relationship between alcohol use and grade point average. As alcohol use increased the grade point averages of student’s decreased (Musgrave, Bromley, & Dalley, 1997). A study by Robert Crosnoe found that alcohol use increased with the failure of a course. Course failure was a greater predictor of alcohol use then was alcohol use a predictor of later course failure (Crosnoe, 2006). Method ParticipantsTwenty-seven Psychology students from Old Dominion University participated in this study. Participants were a warded extra credit for their participation. Materials A self-developed survey was used to study continuous drinking behavior and to monitor how much one drinks in comparison to his/her current academic achievement. The goal of the measure of the study was to determine the relationship between regular alcohol consumption and academic performance. The measure of the relationship was based upon the survey containing questions such as, â€Å"Have you ever had a hangover? † and â€Å"Do you enjoy learning? The survey was administered through online survey host website www. surveygizmo. com. The goal was to ask students indirectly about alcohol consumption in relation to their grades without telling them exactly what the survey was about. Alcohol intake was measured by the self-reported amount of drinks and drinking frequency. There were 19 questions altogether. Most questions were based upon a one to five scale, with one being the least in agreement and five being the most in ag reement. Some questions required yes or no responses and others had fill-in-the-blank options.Some of the ideas that I wanted the participants to explore were their true drinking behaviors, frequencies, and habits. I wanted to present the questions in such a way that the participant would voluntarily describe their habits without holding anything back. My overall goal was to observe through answers the amount of alcohol consumption in respect to grades. Asking about attitudes toward school and eventually progressing to actual grade representation, allowed me to compare alcohol usage to behavior toward school.Everything regarding school including but not limited to attitude toward it, grades while attending college, and immediate past test score should have either been parallel with consumption or negatively correlated. Procedure Each participant was responsible for taking a 19 question survey. The survey’s overall level of difficulty was easy. It did not require anyone to par ticipate longer than 5 minutes. They were asked a series of multiple choice and fill in the blank answers. Each participant was expected to answer truthfully. All 28 students were required to answer each question because it was mandatory.Before participation began everyone had to consent to participation, and afterward everyone was thanked and given extra credit by the participating professor. Results A Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation was used to determine the relationship between current grades (M = 3. 44) and drinking frequency (M = 3. 07). Results of this analysis showed that there was not a significant relationship between the two variables (r = . 11, p>05). Discussion The research conducted has verified the null hypothesis which concluded drinking does not have negative effect on academics.Most students who willingly participated in the survey responded that drinking at a high frequency or binged drinking did not adversely affect their grades. These findings are con trary to most acceptable research on alcohol being a negative correlate of academic failure. A survey was administered with questions requiring honesty about drinking habitats and academic performance. Questions were related directly to the topic and others were field questions. Mandatory questions were asked such as GPA and alcohol consumption on a monthly or daily basis. These key questions played a vital role in the outcome of the study.In the hypothesis it was proposed that drinking would have a negative effect on academics. In previous research, the correlation of drinking and class attendance had been shown to be to be within the realms of the stated hypothesis. When students consume alcohol it was related to negative academic performance. However, the outcome of the survey resulted in information that was quite opposite to the research conducted in the given survey. According to the survey used in the current study, there was no significant relationship between alcohol consum ption and acquired GPA.Most students who willingly participated in the survey responded that drinking at a high frequency or binge drinking did not adversely affect their grades. These findings are contrary to most acceptable research on alcohol being a negative correlate of academic failure. Previous research showed that students at four year collegiate universities are likely to consume alcohol. A national survey of 37,000 students at sixty-six four year institutions hypothesized that there would be a strong negative relationship between alcohol consumption and grades.In this study, students were asked to report drinking behaviors, and reported a significant amount of alcohol use. The study found that there was no significant relationship between alcohol use and grades (Jackson, 2006). This conclusion is similar to that of McAloon (1994), that higher levels of drinking were correlated with negative consequences, such as high rates of reported hangovers, driving under the influence , nausea or vomiting, suicide risk, and sexual assault. There was no significant relationship between drinking frequency and academic performance and one of the major confounds of this study was the sample itself.There were a plethora of issues surrounding the sample’s size and characteristics which could have led to results that turned out to be opposite of the hypothesis and previous background research studies that supported the hypothesis. There were only 28 participants in the study. There was not much diversity regarding the students’ demography. These 28 students were not randomly selected; rather, they were students working for the incentive of extra credit in the same class. It is very important to have diversity perspective in data because data can cover a wide variety of subjects.Diversity-centered research addresses different ethnicity, culture, sexuality, gender, age, disability, or a wide range of other perspectives (Lumby & Morrison, 2010). Information s uch as this would lead the average researcher to wonder if the results were skewed because of the lack of participation and the lack of diversity among the participants. Considering the idea that only observing one group of individuals (psychology majors) may distort results is enough to say that the results could have been different.Not having any participants outside of the major, with one exception, could lead one to believe that maybe Psychology students are just different. Maybe they are the exception to all of the previous background research. An assumption such as this could be considered a bit absurd, but there would be no way to assume anything contrary to this belief. The study did not include many others outside of the major. It would be safe to conclude that either Psychology students are the exception, or the researcher should have examined more students outside of the major to verify that this is no exception.Previous research suggests that alcohol and academia have a negative correlation. For example, college students who participated in the research study conducted by researchers in the Southwestern region of the United States found this statement and accurate depiction of the correlation between alcohol and academia. The study conducted found that most students who engaged in the consumption of alcohol had poor reflections when their grades were assessed and a high number engaged in drinking because of the collateral effects of having close people also engaging in this behavior. Hagman, Cohn, Noel, & Clifford, 2010). When there is a study performed that is disproving the above, it is important to make sure that there is no room for error or doubt. Examining only Psychology students and one Criminal Justice student was a large mistake. All but five of the participants were college seniors, and the remaining participants were fellow upperclassmen. Classification does not define level of maturation; however, it is possible that since the particip ants of this study were all upperclassmen they may be able to correctly conduct themselves in a manner that is not harmful to their everyday lives.Drinking frequency may have a larger effect on someone who is less mature about it and not willing to drink responsibly (Crosnoe, 2006). Lack of diversity among classification combined with participants’ ages being above the age of 21, contribute to the possibility that both may play a role in the idea that academic performance may not be in jeopardy due to alcohol intake after a certain point in life. Self-Report was also another major limitation of the study. As a researcher, no one should rely solely on the self-report of those participating in their study because level of accuracy is key.For instance, in the study done by a handful of researchers was conducted on the premises that students would be honest about their drinking habits when they enrolled in an alcohol awareness and preparation course. They discovered that most wer e not truthful and results were skewed and unreliable (Lewis, Marchell, Lesser, Reyna, & Kubicki-Bedford, 2009). One cannot assume that a person will not lie, forget, or make up what they need or want a researcher to believe. Unfortunately, the deception of the study was probably not enough to fool people into admitting exactly what their current rades were. Based upon previous research administered by Musgrave-Marquart, Bromley, and Daley (1997) it is unlikely to have â€Å"mostly A’s† and be intoxicated at least 3 times a week. The institution restriction and topic of discussion also served as confounds within the study. The use of only students from Old Dominion University from one specific classroom was a barrier to the results needed to prove the hypothesis. The topic of discussion can also be considered a sort of taboo. No one really wants to admit that they drink alcohol on a level that is not socially acceptable.Who really wants to say, â€Å"I’m an alc oholic. †? Not too many people are comfortable admitting that they are alcoholics to their selves, let alone complete strangers. At times, the topic can be difficult to speak about, and this could be a contribution to the results not being up to par with past research. Those who identified themselves as having a high tolerance for alcohol and abnormally frequent drinking behaviors still did not idenitfy themselves as alcoholics. These individuals skewed the survey and  showed that they could not  admit to what society thinks of as unacceptable (2003).Finally, the content of measure of the study made it more difficult to find results parallel to the hypothesis. One of the larger confounds of the study was gathering information through a self-reported survey only. My determinant was a 19 question survey with questions that were not of good quality. Some of the questions were too definitive and did not leave room for individuality. Sometimes it can be harder for a person to i dentify with such specific categories if there is room for another category that is not listed.Results become an issue when a question from the content of measure (the survey) is mandatory but does not necessarily fully apply to the participant. If a participant happens to fall in between two options such as drinking once a week or more than three times a week, but the option is not available, that person will be forced to answer to the best of their ability instead of with the whole truth. This person may drink twice a week but because that is not an option, they will report drinking more or less than they actually do according to the study offering skewed results.The study cannot fulfill its true objective because of the lack of quality within the questions. This source explains how social drinking can turn into a lifestyle and the longitudinal survey collected data on drinking from August 2004 through November 2007. The longitudinal survey data that was collected can cover a larg e amount of data versus short-term data (Fromme, Wertherill, & Neal, 2010). For future directions, I would suggest that anyone conducting a study that is related to the relationship between alcohol and academic performance use a study that is longitudinal for the desired results to prove such a hypothesis.Most of the background research on this particular study has been performed over long periods of time with many diverse groups. There should be a more diverse sample with people attempting to find accurate results about such a topic. Different forms of administration would most certainly help researchers with correct findings. Researchers could use interviews, assessments, or even an evaluation to gather information about Researchers must not restrict themselves to only one form of administration of their tests. There are other ways to gather personal information in an ethical manner.Instead of using a survey to cover all of the information, maybe researchers could use a questionna ire that screens alcohol usage only and then ask students to submit their grades. The questions that were asked were very vague and broad. For example, â€Å"What are your currents grades like? † could have been more useful if the options were more specific instead of â€Å"Mostly A’s† or â€Å"Mostly B’s†. A future researcher should focus on the questions’ style content and quality vs. quantity. I would also suggest that when conducting such a study in the future that there is a better measure of honesty.A researcher could find an ethical way to verify grades such as report cards or a transcript. There are many ways to verify concrete information such as current grades. Progress reports or past report cards (if applicable) can be considered verification of some of the answers provided in such a study. The benefit of using a progress report or a transcript to report concrete information is that there is no room for error report. It could als o increase the willingness to report truthful drinking behavior if the participant is not asked any questions about their personal performance and personal lifestyle simultaneously.The most important thing that should be considered if this study were to be repeated would be the content of measure. Accurate research results often require more than one content of measure. One cannot possibly know all there is to discover about a relationship between two factors if there is only one definitive determining factor. It would be beneficial for there to be more than one way to find out information. More specific questions and verified responses should be created for participants and researchers alike to ensure that the most accurate results are produced.In this study the relationship between alcohol intake and academic performance was measured by administration of a survey which asked about whether or not drinking habits had any significant behavior on academic performance. The survey asked questions about students’ typical drinking behavior and current and cumulative grades to define the relationship between the two. It was expected that we would find patterns for people who drink more to have lower grades, and the people who drank less were expected to have higher grades.The results found that there was no significant relationship between drinking frequency and academic performance. Previous research suggests that there is a strong negative relationship between the two. It appears that in this study we may have a false null hypothesis. The study did not find the desired results, but if performed correctly on another occasion, there should be no doubt that the results will support the hypothesis. It appears that colleges may have to implement harsher sanctions for students who cannot remain up to par academically.This may serve as motivation for these students not to attend college for the wrong reasons. Although the results of this particular study do not dem onstrate the idea that drinking alcohol has an adverse effect on academia, previous research suggests otherwise. Maybe if the atmosphere of college and the stereotype of college was not surrounded by the idea of alcohol, students would be more reluctant to pursue higher education without responsible attitudes. I would suggest that all universities place guidelines on the amount of partying for at least the first few years of students’ college careers.I would suggest that these colleges keep a close watch on the younger students specifically. Based upon the study, I would suggest that stricter guidelines be placed on college students who are not excelling in academics because of personal behavior. References Bingham, C. , Barretto, A. , Walton, M. , Bryant, C. , Shope, J. , & Raghunathan, T. (2010). Efficacy of a web-based, tailored, alcohol prevention/intervention program for college students: Initial findings. Journal of American College Health,  58(4), 349-356. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.Croom, K. , Lewis, D. , Marchell, T. , Lesser, M. , Reyna, V. , Kubicki-Bedford, L. , et al. (2009). Impact of an Online Alcohol Education Course on Behavior and Harm for Incoming first-Year College Students: Short-Term Evaluation of a Randomized Trial. Journal of American College Health,  57(4), 445-454. Retrieved from Psychology and Behavioral sciences Collection database. Crosnoe, R. (2006). The Connection Between Academic Failure and Adolescent Drinking in secondary School. Sociology of Education,  79(1), 44-60. Retrieved from Academic search Complete database. Fromme, K. Wetherill, R. R. , & Neal, D. J. (2010). Turning 21 and the Associated Changes in drinking and Driving after Drinking among College Students. Journal of American college Health, 59(1), 21-27. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Hagman, B. , Cohn, A. , Noel, N. , & Clifford, P. (2010). Collateral Informant Assessment in alcohol Use Research Involving College Students. Journal of American College health,  59(2), 82-90. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Jackson, K. M. , Sher, K. J. , & Park, A. (2006). Drinking among college students: consumption and consequences.In:  Galanter  M, ed. Recent Developments in Alcoholism: Research  on alcohol Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2006;17:85-117. Lamis, D. , Ellis, J. , Chumney, F. , & Dula, C. (2009). Reasons for Living and Alcohol Use among College Students. Death Studies,  33(3), 277-286. doi:10. 1080/07481180802672017. Lewis, T. (2005). Readiness to Change, Social Norms, and Alcohol Involvement Among College students. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling,  26(1), 22-37. Retrieved from legal Collection database. Logan, D. , Kilmer, J. , & Marlatt, G. 2010). The Virtuous Drinker: Character Virtues as correlates and Moderators of College Student Drinking and Consequences. Journal of American College Health,  58(4), 317-324. Retrieved from Acade mic Search Complete database. Lumby, J. , & Morrison, M. (2010). Leadership and Diversity: Theory and Research. School Leadership & Management, 30(1), 3-17. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. McAloon, D. (1994). The effect of alcohol abuse on academic achievement on two-year campuses. Community College Review,  22(1), 12. Retrieved from Academic Search complete database. Musgrave-Marquart, D. Bromley, S. , & Dalley, M. (1997). Personality, Academic Attribution, and Substance Use as Predictors of Academic Achievement in College Students. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality,  12(2), 501-511. Retrieved from Academic Search complete database. NATIONAL SURVEY OF DRINKING AND DRIVING ATTITUDES ANDBEHAVIOURS, 2001. (2003). Chronicle of the American Driver & Traffic Safety Education Association, 7. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Osain, M. , & Alekseevic, V. (2010). The effect of alcohol use on academic performance of university students. Annals of General Psychiatry,  91. oi:10. 1186/1744-859X -9-S1-S215. Sullivan, M. , & Risler, E. (2002). Understanding College Alcohol Abuse and Academic performance: Selecting Appropriate Intervention Strategies. Journal of College counseling,  5(2), 114. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Taylor, D. , Johnson, M. , Voas, R. , & Turrisi, R. (2006). Demographic and Academic Trends in drinking Patterns and Alcohol-Related Problems on Dry College Campuses. Journal of alcohol & Drug Education,50(4), 35-54. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Vaisman-Tzachor, R. , & Lai, J. (2008).The Effects of College Tenure, Gender, and Social involvement on Alcohol Drinking and Alcoholism in College Students. Annals of the american Psychotherapy Association,  11(4), 18-24. Retrieved from Academic Search complete database. Welcome, M. , Pereverzeva, E. , & Pereverzev, V. (2010). A novel psychophysiological model of the effect of alcohol use on academic performance of male medical students of belarusian State Medical Univers ity. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health (IJCRIMPH),  2(6), 183-197. Retrieved from academic Search Complete database.